Please use the links below to access environmental taxation profiles for each of the EU-27 countries, as well as pages on other topics of general relevance.

Introductory Page

EU Environmental Taxes: An Overview

Country Pages

Austria

Taxing Energy Use in Austria

The Vienna Tree Protection Act

Belgium

Pay-As-You-Throw Schemes in the Benelux Countries

Bulgaria

Croatia

Environmental Tax Enforcement in Croatia

Waste Management in Croatia

Cyprus

Sustainability and Agriculture in Cyprus

Czech Republic

Air Pollution Fees in the Czech Republic

Denmark

Danish Taxes on Waste

Denmark's Automobiles Tax

Denmark's Landfill Tax

Denmark's Energy Goals for 2020 - and Their Status in 2020

Denmark's Plastic Bag Taxes

Incentives Promoting Renewable Energy in Denmark

The Danish Deposit-Refund System

The Danish Packaging Tax

Estonia

Air Pollution Control in Estonia

Estonia's 2050 Climate Goals

Estonia's Green Investment Scheme

Finland

The Peat Tax as an Environmental Tax Instrument in Finland

The Finnish Deposit-Refund System

France

2020 Eco-Tax on Flights

Gilets Jaunes (Yellow Vests) Protests

Germany

Biodiversity Offsets in Germany

Germany's 1999 Ecological Tax Reforms

Germany's 2019 Climate Plan

Germany's 2020 Aviation Tax

Greece

Renewable Energy in Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Disproportionate Effects of Carbon Taxation in Ireland

Renewable Energy in Ireland

Salmon Fishing Regulations in Ireland

Italy

Italy's Aero Taxi Tax

Italy's Carbon Tax

Italy's Eco-Tax and Eco-Bonus on Polluting Vehicles

Latvia

Lithuania

Lithuania's Pollution Tax

Renewable Energy in Lithuania

Luxembourg

Fuel Tourism in Luxembourg

Pay-As-You-Throw Schemes in the Benelux Countries

Malta

Malta's Eco-Contribution Tax

Netherlands

Energy Taxation in the Netherlands

Pay-As-You-Throw Schemes in the Benelux Countries

The Planned Green Aviation Tax in the Netherlands

Poland

Sulfur Emissions Tax in Poland

Portugal

Renewable Energy in Portugal

Barcelona's Low Emissions Zone

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Tax in Spain

Sweden

1984-2009 Fertilizer Tax

Congestion Taxes in the Stockholm Area

Nitrogen Tax in Sweden

Sweden's Carbon Tax

Other Pages of General Relevance

A Circular Economy for the EU - and the Role of Green Taxes in Getting There

Ammonia Emissions and Taxation in Europe

Aviation Taxes Across the EU: The Big Picture

Beverage Pollution Taxes: Deposit-Refund Systems in Europe

Car Registration Taxes Across the EU

Effective Waste Disposal Taxes (Landfill Taxes) In the EU

EU Proposed Carbon Border Tax Adjustment

EU Emissions Trading System

Gasoline and Diesel Taxation Across the EU

Green Agricultural Initiatives Across Europe

Green Bonds in the EU and the EU Green Bond Standard

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on European Environmental Targets and Incentives

Landfill Taxes Across the EU

Mitigating the Financial Repercussions of Environmental Taxes for Lower-Income Citizens of Europe

Nuclear Energy and Environmental Taxation in the EU

Pesticide Taxes

Plastic Bag Levies Across the EU

Role of the EU LIFE program in supporting Green Tax initiatives

Securing Public Support for Green Taxes

The "Clean Energy for All Europeans" Package

The European Commission's "Just Transition Mechanism"

The EU's Energy Taxation Directive

The TAPP Coalition's Proposal for an EU Meat Tax

Transport Taxes in the EU

Wind Energy and Environmental Taxes in the EU