Course Syllabus
Cognitive Neuroscience of Consciousness
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| Semester & Location: |
Spring 2025 - DIS Copenhagen |
| Type & Credits: |
Core - 3 credits |
| Course Study Tours: |
Ålborg; Florence (Italy) |
| Major Disciplines: |
Neuroscience, Psychology |
| Prerequisite(s): |
One course in neuroscience, physiological psychology, biological psychology, or cognitive psychology at university level. |
| Corequisite Course(s): | |
| Faculty Members: |
Dan-Anders Jirenhed Maria Özden (current students please contact via the Canvas Inbox) |
| Program Contact: |
Department email address psy.cns@dis.dk |
| Time & Place: |
Tuesday & Fridays 08:30 - 09:50 Classroom: N7-A21 |
Course Description
This course introduces the main theoretical models and the empirical methods employed to explain and measure consciousness. The instructor will offer a neurobiological perspective using the brain-as-a-machine approach, and students will be challenged to contribute why science also needs to embrace conceptual and philosophical levels of analysis. The course outlines the multi-faceted nature of consciousness by discussing different aspects of the phenomenon in humans and other animals. Students are expected to actively participate in discussions and to critically think regarding the current state of knowledge about how the brain relates to the mind.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
- Appreciate the multi-faceted nature of consciousness
- Identify the conceptual and methodological problems in studying consciousness
- Discuss some of the key approaches to studying consciousness
- Recognize the strengths and weaknesses of current methodologies
- Trace the neurobiological mechanisms possibly underlying the emergence of consciousness
The following topics will be covered during the course:
- Theme 1: Framing Consciousness
- What is consciousness?
- Levels & dimensions of consciousness
- Qualia & Theory of mind
- The hard vs. the easy problem
- Theme 2: Theoretical Approaches
- Neurobiological Theories (1): HOTs, GWTs
- Neurobiological Theories (2): IIT, re-entry/PP theories
- Attention, learning and affect theories (1)
- Attention, learning and affect theories (2)
- Theme 3: Methodological Challenges
- Objective and Subjective assessments of consciousness
- Neural correlate of consciousness & Neuroimaging
- Temporal binding, binocular rivalry, and consciousness perception
- Indicators of consciousness & AI
- Theme 4: Consciousness Applied (Special Topics)
- Consciousness and Emotions
- Infant & Non-human consciousness
- Altered states of consciousness
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Dan-Anders Jirenhed
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Maria Özden Part time lecturer in Cognitive Neuroscience MSc in Psychology from University of Copenhagen. Authorized psychologist. Full time clinical neuropsychologist at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Primary interests are in the field of cross-cultural neurospychology. With DIS since 2022. |
Reading
Required reading can be found for each class under Files
Koch C. What Is Consciousness? Sci Am. 2018 May 15;318(6):60-64. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0618-60. PMID: 29949559.
Bayne T, Hohwy J, Owen AM. Are There Levels of Consciousness? Trends Cogn Sci. 2016 Jun;20(6):405-413. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.009. Epub 2016 Apr 18. PMID: 27101880.
Huang Z, Mashour GA, Hudetz AG. Functional geometry of the cortex encodes dimensions of consciousness. Nat Commun. 2023 Jan 5;14(1):72. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35764-7. PMID: 36604428; PMCID: PMC9814511.
Grossberg S. Towards solving the hard problem of consciousness: The varieties of brain resonances and the conscious experiences that they support. Neural Netw. 2017 Mar;87:38-95. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Dec 6. PMID: 28088645.
Skokowski P. Sensing Qualia. Front Syst Neurosci. 2022 Mar 11;16:795405. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.795405. PMID: 35359622; PMCID: PMC8962373.
Dennett DC. Facing up to the hard question of consciousness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Sep 19;373(1755):20170342. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0342. PMID: 30061456; PMCID: PMC6074080.
Hunt T, Schooler JW. The Easy Part of the Hard Problem: A Resonance Theory of Consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Oct 31;13:378. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00378. Erratum in: Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Sep 04;14:596409. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.596409. PMID: 31736728; PMCID: PMC6834646.
Baars BJ. Global workspace theory of consciousness: toward a cognitive neuroscience of human experience. Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:45-53. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50004-9. PMID: 16186014.
Seth AK, Bayne T. Theories of consciousness. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2022 Jul;23(7):439-452. doi: 10.1038/s41583-022-00587-4. Epub 2022 May 3. PMID: 35505255.
Balduzzi D, Tononi G. Qualia: the geometry of integrated information. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Aug;5(8):e1000462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000462. Epub 2009 Aug 14. PMID: 19680424; PMCID: PMC2713405.
Edelman GM, Gally JA. Reentry: a key mechanism for integration of brain function. Front Integr Neurosci. 2013 Aug 27;7:63. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00063. PMID: 23986665; PMCID: PMC3753453.
Tononi G. An information integration theory of consciousness. BMC Neurosci. 2004 Nov 2;5:42. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-5-42. PMID: 15522121; PMCID: PMC543470.
Edelman G. Consciousness: the remembered present. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Apr;929:111-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05711.x. PMID: 11349421.
Graziano MSA. A conceptual framework for consciousness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 May 3;119(18):e2116933119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2116933119. Epub 2022 Apr 29. PMID: 35486693; PMCID: PMC9170028.
Bosse T, Jonker CM, Treur J. Formalization of Damasio's theory of emotion, feeling and core consciousness. Conscious Cogn. 2008 Mar;17(1):94-113. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2007.06.006. Epub 2007 Aug 8. PMID: 17689980.
Seth AK, Dienes Z, Cleeremans A, Overgaard M, Pessoa L. Measuring consciousness: relating behavioural and neurophysiological approaches. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Aug;12(8):314-21. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.04.008. Epub 2008 Jul 5. PMID: 18606562; PMCID: PMC2767381.
Simione L, Raffone A, Kirov R, Overgaard M, Berkovich-Ohana A, Cleeremans A. Editorial: Methodological issues in consciousness research. Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 6;14:1217732. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217732. PMID: 37346419; PMCID: PMC10280984.
Aru J, Bachmann T, Singer W, Melloni L. Distilling the neural correlates of consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Feb;36(2):737-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.003. Epub 2011 Dec 17. PMID: 22192881.
Atkinson AP, Thomas MS, Cleeremans A. Consciousness: mapping the theoretical landscape. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Oct 1;4(10):372-382. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01533-3. PMID: 11025280.
Crick F, Koch C. A framework for consciousness. Nat Neurosci. 2003 Feb;6(2):119-26. doi: 10.1038/nn0203-119. PMID: 12555104.
Zeki S. The disunity of consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2008;168:11-8. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)68002-9. PMID: 18166382.
Leopold DA, Logothetis NK. Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry. Nature. 1996 Feb 8;379(6565):549-53. doi: 10.1038/379549a0. PMID: 8596635.
Pennartz CMA, Farisco M, Evers K. Indicators and Criteria of Consciousness in Animals and Intelligent Machines: An Inside-Out Approach. Front Syst Neurosci. 2019 Jul 16;13:25. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00025. PMID: 31379521; PMCID: PMC6660257.
Field Studies
Field studies serve to complement your course work by placing you in the professional field. Students will be asked to compare, extend and rethink what we read about and discuss in class.
Study Tours
Core Course week and study tours are an integral part of the core course as we take the classroom on the road and see how theory presented in the classroom is translated to practice in the field.
Expectations for study tours:
- Participate in all activities
- Engage in discussions, ask questions, and contribute to achieving the learning objectives
- Respect the destination, the speakers, DIS staff, and your fellow classmates
- Represent yourself, your home university and DIS in a positive light
Core Course Week and Short Study Tour:
Theme: Merging the science of consciousness with the reality of our perceptions
Purpose: The aim of the Core Course Week is to contextualize some among the most influential theoretical frameworks and empirical models that underline our scientific understanding of human consciousness. In addition to the academic activities on study tour, the study tour program is supplemented with cultural visits and events.
- Destination: Aalborg (Denmark). The study tour activities will be presented to you in the week before departure and a booklet containing the itinerary will be posted on Canvas prior to departure.
Long Study Tour:
Theme: Senses and Perception
Purpose: The tour probes the following questions: “Why and how is this experience unique to me?” (i.e. Introspection), “How does the brain turn my objective perception into subjective sensation?” (i.e. The Self as Subject), and “How does this perception and/or sensation affect the way I am, think and act?” (i.e. The Self as Object).
- Destination: Florence (Italy). The study tour activities will be presented to you in the week before departure and you will be able to download the booklet prior to departure.
Approach to Teaching
This course outlines the multi-faceted nature of consciousness by discussing different aspects of the phenomenon in normal as well as abnormal conditions, and it comprises both lectures and open discussions. Students are therefore expected to participate actively in the discussions throughout the course to demonstrate critical thinking regarding the current state of knowledge about how the brain relates to the mind.
The schedule will list reading materials for each class meeting. Please be prepared by having read and thought about the material before coming to class. By reading the material beforehand, you will better understand the points I make, you will be better prepared for discussion, and you will be able to ask thoughtful and productive questions.
Expectations of the Students
Class attendance is mandatory. Students are expected to have done the required reading for each class and to come with notes and questions. This will give us material to generate conversation. Students are also expected to discuss and present topics and to respond to questions providing references to our readings to support their points. Active participation and engagement will account for 25% of your final grade, and student presentations (or the optional paper) another 25%, so it is to be taken seriously. Finally, it is expected that students hand in their assignments on time (late presentations or papers will not be accepted) and that they contribute significantly to planned group activities.
Lab Information
The lab module associated to the course offers students the opportunity to acquire hands-on experience with the concrete aspects of research in the field of human consciousness. During the semester students will therefore formulate, create and carry on a full-scale experiment and submit a research manuscript presenting their results.
Assignments and Evaluation
To be eligible for a passing grade in this class, the students must complete all of the assigned work.
The final grade for this course will be based on the below assignments:
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Assignments |
How Evaluated |
Percentage of Grade |
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Participation and Engagement |
Individual |
25% |
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In-Class Student Presentations (or optional paper*) |
Individual or Group |
25% |
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Study Tour Assignment (Core Course Week) |
Group |
15% |
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Study Tour Assignment (Long Study Tour) |
Individual |
15% |
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Midterm Assessment |
Individual |
10% |
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Endterm Assessment |
Individual |
10% |
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Total |
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100% |
*Live lectures with your choice of media (slides, brief video clips, charts) are preferred. The second preferred option is to record a video of your lecture and play it in class. The least preferred option is a written paper as this does not easily lend itself to a class discussion. The main difference in scoring between the in-class presentation versus the paper option is primarily ideas and contributions for the in-class presentation and editorial scoring (organization, grammar, style, bibliography) for the written paper.
Participation and Engagement (25%):
Since class participation is a major component of the course, you will need to be present and participating to receive full credit. Class participation scoring is objective, as follows: each time you raise your hand and are called upon to participate verbally, you keep your own record of it. At the end of the course you will submit the record. For each participation you will earn 5%, so a total of five participations during our 18 class meetings earns full credit. Types of participation include, but are not limited to:
- critically evaluating the model/hypotheses suggested in readings
- asking relevant questions that show understanding of the material – with tentative considerations/conclusions
- volunteering to answer questions raised by the instructor or another student
- discussing implications as regards practical application and/or future research considerations
- pointing out errors by the instructor (e.g., "Barak stated we would discuss that next Monday, but we don't have class on Mondays")
Presentations, either team efforts or individual (25%):
This project is your opportunity to pick an interesting topic relating to consciousness and to serve as a Guest Lecturer in our course. There are several ways to earn full credit, as follows. First, to communicate clearly and effectively to the class what the idea is about. Second, to stimulate question and answer types of discussion, opinions, or debate from other students. Third, to demonstrate scholarship (i.e. knowledge) and/or originality/creativity in your presentation. Because the emphasis is on generating discussion, there will be a time limit of 5 min for the formal presentation per person. Thus, for individual presentations, five minutes of presentation followed by discussion. For groups of two, a ten min presentation, and for groups of three, a 15 minute presentation. The maximum for a group presentation is six students with a 30 min presentation. A requirement will be documenting the role of each group member so that not all members of a group need to orate (e.g., JBL made the slides, ARW came up with the idea and extracted the main points from the references in the bibliography, and CD gave the lecture). Beginning with our second course meeting there will be a sign up sheet for the date of student presentations.
Study Tour Assignments (15% + 15%):
Students will be expected to submit a reflective assignment (max 2 pages) in which they address the questions probed by the study tours (refer to Study Tour Booklets) and the answers they reached by the end of each tour.
Midterm and Final Assessments (10% + 10%):
In this assignment, students design a brief midterm exam for a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness course. This project will require students to demonstrate their understanding of key concepts in cognitive neuroscience and consciousness research, as well as an opportunity to express their opinion of the most stimulating ideas discussed in the course.
Policies
Attendance
You are expected to attend all DIS classes when scheduled. If you miss a class for any reason please contact the faculty no later than the day of the missed class. If you miss multiple classes the Director of Teaching and Learning, and the Director of Student Affairs will be notified and they will follow-up with you to make sure that all is well. Absences will jeopardize your grade and your standing at DIS. Allowances will be made in cases of illness, but in the case of multiple absences you will need to provide a doctor’s note.
Use of laptops or phones in class
Laptops are only to be used for appropriate class-related activities and should not be used in any way that will distract your peers. Phones and smart-watches should not be used in class. Phones should be placed in silent mode when arriving for class and students should not have them out during class unless you have a specific reason that has been discussed with the instructor ahead of time. If your use of technology is due to an official or unofficial accommodation you require to succeed in class, please let me know at the beginning of the semester and/or reach out to the appropriate contact at DIS (care@dis.dk).
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Office hours: I will be available for meetings after class on Tuesdays, or by appointment. Meetings will typically take place in the Student Hub. Please send me a message through Canvas to schedule a meeting (incl. preferred day, time, topic, and if relevant whatever materials you want me to review before the meeting). With regard to scheduling meetings, plan ahead! In my opinion, it's always better to schedule a meeting you think you might need and cancel it later if you find you're progressing without issue. |
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Student organization and documentation: |
Academic Regulations
Please make sure to read the Academic Regulations on the DIS website. There you will find regulations on:
Academic Accommodations
Your learning experience in this class is important to me. If you have approved academic accommodations with DIS, please make sure I receive your DIS accommodations letter within two weeks from the start of classes. If you can think of other ways I can support your learning, please don't hesitate to talk to me. If you have any further questions about your academic accommodations, contact Academic Support academicsupport@dis.dk
Academic honesty, plagiarism and violating the rules of an assignment
DIS expects that students abide by the highest standards of intellectual honesty in all academic work. DIS assumes that all students do their own work and credit all work or thought taken from others. Academic dishonesty will result in a final course grade of “F” and can result in dismissal. The students’ home universities will be notified. DIS reserves the right to request that written student assignments be turned in electronic form for submission to plagiarism detection software. See the Academic Handbook for more information, or ask your instructor if you have questions.
AI Tools
Although AI tools are valuable, they should support human creativity and critical thinking, not replace them. Therefore, the use of AI tools like ChatGPT is permitted within defined contexts if you include proper attribution. Usage outside of the predefined contexts and without attribution will be considered a breach of our Academic Honesty Policy. Detailed instructions will be provided during the course.
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Course Summary:
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